Berkeley DB是由美国Sleepycat Software公司开发的一套开放源代码的嵌入式数据库管理系统(已被Oracle收购),它为应用程序提供可伸缩的、高性能的、有事务保护功能的数据管理服务。
Berkeley DB为许多编程语言提供了实用的api接口,包括c、c++、java、perl、tcl、python和php等。所有同数据库相关的操作都由Berkeley DB函数库负责统一完成。
官方地址为:http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/berkeley-db/db/index.html
本文就先讲一下如何在CentOS下安装Berkeley DB数据库(其他系统类似)。
1、安装Berkeley DB
# cd /usr/local/src # wget http://download.oracle.com/berkeley-db/db-4.6.18.tar.gz # tar -zxvf db-4.6.18.tar.gz # cd db-4.6.18 # cd build_unix
Berkeley DB默认是安装在/usr/local/BerkeleyDB.4.6目录下,其中4.6就是版本号,你也可以指定–prefix参数来设置安装目录。
# ../dist/configure --prefix=/usr/local/berkeleydb --enable-cxx其中–enable-cxx就是编译C++库,这样才能编译Berkeley DB数据库的PHP扩展php_db4。
# make # make install
# echo '/usr/local/berkeleydb/lib/' >> /etc/ld.so.conf # ldconfig
这2句的作用就是通知系统Berkeley DB的动态链接库在/usr/local/berkeleydb/lib/目录。
至此,Berkeley DB数据库已经安装完成。
2、安装Berkeley DB的PHP扩展
虽然PHP里已经自带了php_db和php_dba两个扩展都支持Berkekey DB,但是毕竟支持的有限,所以还是编译Berkeley DB自带的php_db4扩展好。
# cd /usr/local/src/db-4.6.18/php_db4/ # phpize # ./configure --with-db4=/usr/local/berkeleydb/ # make # make install
至此db4已编译好在/usr/lib64/php/modules/db4.so目录(具体跟你的系统有关)
echo 'extension=db4.so' > /etc/php.d/db4.ini
重起WEB服务器(Apache等)
至此php_db4扩展的安装也完成了,执行php -m即可看到db4扩展已经加载了。
3、测试php_db4扩展php_db4提供了下面4个类:
class Db4Env { function Db4Env($flags = 0) {} function close($flags = 0) {} function dbremove($txn, $filename, $database = null, $flags = 0) {} function dbrename($txn, $file, $database, $new_database, $flags = 0) {} function open($home, $flags = DB_CREATE | DB_INIT_LOCK | DB_INIT_LOG | DB_INIT_MPOOL | DB_INIT_TXN, $mode = 0666) {} function remove($home, $flags = 0) {} function set_data_dir($directory) {} function txn_begin($parent_txn = null, $flags = 0) {} function txn_checkpoint($kbytes, $minutes, $flags = 0) {} } class Db4 { function Db4($dbenv = null) {} // create a new Db4 object using the optional DbEnv function open($txn = null, $file = null, $database = null, $flags = DB_CREATE, $mode = 0) {} function close() {} function del($key, $txn = null) {} function get($key, $txn = null, $flags = 0) {} function pget($key, &$pkey, $txn = null, $flags = 0) {} function get_type() {} // returns the stringified database type name function stat($txn = null, $flags = 0) {} // returns statistics as an as function join($cursor_list, $flags = 0) {} function sync() {} function truncate($txn = null, $flags = 0) {} function cursor($txn = null, flags = 0) {} } class Db4Txn { function abort() {} function commit() {} function discard() { function id() {} function set_timeout($timeout, $flags = 0) {} } class Db4Cursor { function close() {} function count() {} function del() {} function dup($flags = 0) {} function get($key, $flags = 0) {} function pget($key, &$primary_key, $flags = 0) {} function put($key, $data, $flags = 0) {} }
从字面上也不难理解,Db4Env设置数据库环境、Db4操作数据库、Db4Txn用于事务处理、Db4Cursor用于光标处理。具体使用可参考
http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/berkeley-db/db/ref/ext/php.html
/usr/local/src/db-4.6.18/php_db4/samples目录下提供了2个简单的例子simple_counter.php和transactional_counter.php。
simple_counter.php
<?php // Create a new Db4 Instance $db = new Db4(); // Open it outside a Db4Env environment with datafile/var/lib/db4 // and database name "test" $db->open(null, "/var/tmp/db4", "test"); // Get the current value of "counter" $counter = $db->get("counter"); print "Counter Value is $counter\n"; // Increment $counter and put() it. $db->put("counter", $counter+1); // Sync to be certain, since we're leaving the handle open $db->sync(); ?>
transactional_counter.php
<?php // Open a new Db4Env $dbenv = new Db4Env(); $dbenv->set_data_dir("/var/tmp/dbhome"); $dbenv->open("/var/tmp/dbhome"); // Open a database in $dbenv. Note that even though // we pass null in as the transaction, db4 forces this // operation to be transactionally protected, so PHP // will force auto-commit internally. $db = new Db4($dbenv); $db->open(null, 'a', 'foo'); $counter = $db->get("counter"); // Create a new transaction $txn = $dbenv->txn_begin(); if($txn == false) { print "txn_begin failed"; exit; } print "Current value of counter is $counter\n"; // Increment and reset counter, protect it with $txn $db->put("counter", $counter+1, $txn); // Commit the transaction, otherwise the above put() will rollback. $txn->commit(); // Sync for good measure $db->sync(); // This isn't a real close, use _close() for that. $db->close(); ?>
Enjoy it!

